[{"_1":2,"_155":-5,"_156":-5},"loaderData",{"_3":4,"_13":14,"_21":22,"_134":135},"root",{"_5":-5,"_6":-7,"_7":8,"_9":-7,"_10":11,"_12":-7},"currentUser","primaryEmail","siteVerification","6LeIxAcTAAAAAJcZVRqyHh71UMIEGNQ_MXjiZKhI","toast","enableDev",false,"incidentStatus","routes/_layout",{"_15":-5,"_16":17,"_18":17,"_19":11,"_20":11},"username","isAskGordonEnabled",true,"isUsingNewTemplate","showMinimalLanding","showHoneypotTrap","routes/_layout.r.$namespace.$reponame",{"_23":24,"_25":-5,"_26":11,"_27":11,"_28":29,"_30":31,"_32":-5,"_33":11,"_34":35,"_84":-5,"_85":86,"_125":-5,"_126":11,"_127":17,"_128":11,"_129":-5,"_130":11,"_131":-5,"_132":133},"canonicalUrl","https://hub.docker.com/r/eddelbuettel/nanotime/tags","mcpServer","canSeeDockerfile","canSeeAutobuilds","namespace","eddelbuettel","reponame","nanotime","cloudBuildSource","isAutobuildsAvailable","repo",{"_36":37,"_38":39,"_41":42,"_43":44,"_45":11,"_46":47,"_48":49,"_50":51,"_53":31,"_28":29,"_54":55,"_56":40,"_57":58,"_59":60,"_61":62,"_63":-5,"_64":58,"_65":66,"_67":11,"_68":29,"_69":70,"_75":11,"_76":77,"_81":29,"_82":83},"categories",[],"content_types",[40],"image","date_registered","2020-10-25T13:31:31.079317Z","description","nanotime testing","is_private","last_updated","2020-12-09T20:05:57.156076Z","last_modified","2024-10-16T13:48:34.145251Z","media_types",[52],"application/vnd.docker.container.image.v1+json","name","pull_count",228,"repository_type","star_count",0,"status",1,"status_description","active","source","collaborator_count","full_description","## nanotime: Nanosecond-Resolution Time Objects for R\n\n[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/eddelbuettel/nanotime.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/eddelbuettel/nanotime)\n[![License](https://eddelbuettel.github.io/badges/GPL2+.svg)](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html)\n[![CRAN](https://www.r-pkg.org/badges/version/nanotime)](https://cran.r-project.org/package=nanotime)\n[![Dependencies](https://tinyverse.netlify.com/badge/nanotime)](https://cran.r-project.org/package=nanotime)\n[![Downloads](https://cranlogs.r-pkg.org/badges/nanotime?color=brightgreen)](https://www.r-pkg.org/pkg/nanotime)\n[![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/eddelbuettel/nanotime/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/eddelbuettel/nanotime)\n[![Last Commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/eddelbuettel/nanotime)](https://github.com/eddelbuettel/nanotime)\n[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/documentation-is_here-blue)](https://eddelbuettel.github.io/nanotime/)\n\n### Motivation\n\nR has excellent tools for dates and times. The `Date` and `POSIXct` classes (as well as the 'wide'\nrepresentation in `POSIXlt`) are versatile, and a lot of useful tooling has been built around them.\n\nHowever, `POSIXct` is implemented as a `double` with fractional seconds since the epoch. Given the\n53 bits accuracy, it leaves just a bit less than _microsecond_ resolution. Furthermore, using\nfloating-point arithmetic for an integer concept opens the door to painful issues of error\naccumulation.\n\nMore and more performance measurements, latency statistics, etc., are now measured more finely, and we\nneed _nanosecond_ resolution for which commonly an `integer64` is used to represent nanoseconds\nsince the epoch.\n\nAnd while R does not have a _native_ type for this, the [bit64](https://cran.r-project.org/package=bit64)\npackage by [Jens Oehlschlägel](https://github.com/joehl) offers a performant one implemented as a\nlightweight S3 class. So this package uses the `integer64` class, along with multiple helper functions\nfor parsing and formatting at nano-second resolution from the [RcppCCTZ](https://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/rcpp.cctz.html)\npackage which wraps the [CCTZ library](https://github.com/google/cctz) from Google. CCTZ is a modern C++11 library\nextending the (C++11-native) `chrono` type.\n\nIn addition to the point-in-time type `nanotime`, this package also provides an interval type\n`nanoival` which may have open or closed start/end, a period type `nanoperiod` that is a human\nrepresentation of time, such as day, month, etc., and a duration type `nanoduration`. These types\nare similar to what the [lubridate](https://github.com/tidyverse/lubridate) package proposes.\n\nSet and arithmetic operations on these types are available. All functionality is designed to\ncorrectly handle instances across different time zones. Because these temporal types are based on R\nbuilt-in types, most functions have an efficient implementation and the types are suitable for use\nin `data.frame` and `data.table`. `nanotime` is also a better choice than the native `POSIXct` in\nmost of the cases where fractional seconds are needed because it avoids floating point issues.\n\n### Documentation\n\nPackage documentation, help pages, a vignette, and more is available\n[here](https://eddelbuettel.github.io/nanotime/).\n\n\n### Demo\n\nSee the included demo script [nanosecondDelayExample.R](https://github.com/eddelbuettel/nanotime/blob/master/demo/nanosecondDelayExample.R)\nfor a (completely simulated and hence made-up) study of network latency measured\nin nanoseconds resulting in the figure below\n\n![](https://eddelbuettel.github.io/nanotime/assets/nanotimeDelayDemo.png)\n\n### Examples\n\n#### Simple Parsing and Arithmetic\n\n```r\nR> x <- as.nanotime(\"1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000001+00:00\")\nR> x\n[1] \"1970-01-01T00:00:00.000000001+00:00\"\nR> x + 1e9\n[1] \"1970-01-01T00:00:01.000000001+00:00\"\nR> as.nanotime(\"2020-03-21 Europe/London\")\n[1] 2020-03-21T00:00:00+00:00\n```\n\n#### Vectorised\n\n```r\nR> options(\"width\"=60)\nR> v <- nanotime(Sys.time()) + 1:5\nR> v\n[1] 2020-03-22T03:09:20.732122001+00:00\n[2] 2020-03-22T03:09:20.732122002+00:00\n[3] 2020-03-22T03:09:20.732122003+00:00\n[4] 2020-03-22T03:09:20.732122004+00:00\n[5] 2020-03-22T03:09:20.732122005+00:00\nR>\n```\n\n#### Use with `zoo`\n\n```r\nR> library(zoo)\nR> z <- zoo(cbind(A=1:5, B=5:1), v)\nR> options(nanotimeFormat=\"%H:%M:%E*S\") ## override default format\nR> z\nR> options(nanotimeFormat=NULL) ## go back to default format\nR> z\n```\n\n#### Use with data.table\n\n```r\nR> library(data.table)\nR> dt <- data.table(v, cbind(A=1:5, B=5:1))\nR> fwrite(dt, file=\"datatableTest.csv\") # write out\nR> dtcheck <- fread(\"datatableTest.csv\") # read back\nR> dtcheck\nR> dtcheck[, v:=nanotime(v)] # read as a string, need to re-class as nanotime\nR> fread(\"../datatableTest.csv\", colClasses=c(\"nanotime\", \"integer\", \"integer\"))\n```\n\n#### Use with data.frame\n\nThis requires version 0.0.2 or later.\n\n```r\nR> data.frame(cbind(A=1:5, B=5:1), v=v)\n```\n\n#### Intervals\n\n```r\nR> ival <- as.nanoival(\"+2009-01-01 13:12:00 America/New_York -> 2009-02-01 15:11:03 America/New_York-\")\nR> ival\n[1] +2009-01-01T18:12:00+00:00 -> 2009-02-01T20:11:03+00:00-\n\nR> start <- nanotime(\"2009-01-01 13:12:00 America/New_York\")\nR> end <- nanotime(\"2009-02-01 15:11:00 America/New_York\")\nR> nanoival(start, end) # by default sopen=F,eopen=T\n[1] +2009-01-01T18:12:00+00:00 -> 2009-02-01T20:11:00+00:00-\nR> nanoival(start, end, sopen=FALSE, eopen=TRUE)\n[1] +2009-01-01T18:12:00+00:00 -> 2009-02-01T20:11:00+00:00-\n\nR> intersect(as.nanoival(\"+2019-03-01 UTC -> 2020-03-01 UTC-\"),\n as.nanoival(\"+2020-01-01 UTC -> 2020-06-01 UTC-\"))\n[1] +2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 -> 2020-03-01T00:00:00+00:00-\n\nR> union(as.nanoival(\"+2019-03-01 UTC -> 2020-03-01 UTC-\"),\n as.nanoival(\"+2020-01-01 UTC -> 2020-06-01 UTC-\"))\n[1] +2019-03-01T00:00:00+00:00 -> 2020-06-01T00:00:00+00:00-\n\nR> setdiff(as.nanoival(\"+2019-03-01 UTC -> 2020-03-01 UTC-\"),\n as.nanoival(\"+2020-01-01 UTC -> 2020-06-01 UTC-\"))\n[1] +2019-03-01T00:00:00+00:00 -> 2020-01-01T00:00:00+00:00- \n```\n\n#### Periods\n\n```r\nR> as.nanoperiod(\"1y1m1w1d/01:01:01.000_000_001\")\n[1] 13m8d/01:01:01.000_000_001\nR> nanoperiod(months=13, days=-1, duration=\"01:00:00\")\n[1] 13m-1d/01:00:00\n\nR> ones <- as.nanoperiod(\"1y1m1w1d/01:01:01.000_000_001\")\nR> nanoperiod.month(ones); nanoperiod.day(ones); nanoperiod.nanoduration(ones)\n[1] 13\n[1] 8\n[1] 01:01:01.000_000_001\n\nR> plus(v, as.nanoperiod(\"1y1m\"), tz=\"UTC\")\n[1] 2021-04-22T03:09:20.732122001+00:00\n[2] 2021-04-22T03:09:20.732122002+00:00\n[3] 2021-04-22T03:09:20.732122003+00:00\n[4] 2021-04-22T03:09:20.732122004+00:00\n[5] 2021-04-22T03:09:20.732122005+00:00\n```\n\n#### Durations\n\n```{r}\nR> nanoduration(hours=1, minutes=1, seconds=1, nanoseconds=1)\nR> as.nanoduration(\"00:00:01\")\nR> as.nanoduration(\"-00:00:01\")\nR> as.nanoduration(\"100:00:00\")\nR> as.nanoduration(\"00:00:00.000_000_001\")\n```\n\n#### Sequences\n\n``` {r}\nR> from <- as.nanotime(\"2018-09-14T12:44:00+00:00\")\nR> seq(from, by=as.nanoperiod(\"1y\"), length.out=4, tz=\"Europe/London\")\n[1] 2018-09-14T12:44:00+00:00\n[2] 2019-09-14T12:44:00+00:00\n[3] 2020-09-14T12:44:00+00:00\n[4] 2021-09-14T12:44:00+00:00\n```\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe [bit64](https://cran.r-project.org/package=bit64) package (by [Jens\nOehlschlägel](https://github.com/joehl)) supplies the `integer64` type used to store the nanosecond\nresolution time as (positive or negative) offsets to the epoch of January 1, 1970. The\n[RcppCCTZ](https://dirk.eddelbuettel.com/code/rcpp.cctz.html) package supplies the formatting and\nparsing routines based on the (modern C++) library [CCTZ](https://github.com/google/cctz) from\nGoogle, when the parsing cannot be done using a fast built-in parser. `integer64` is also used for\nthe type `nanoduration`, whereas `nanoival` and `nanoperiod` are stored in a `complex`, i.e. over\n128 bits.\n\n### Status\n\nThe package is by now fairly mature, has been rewritten once (to go from S3\nto S4) and has recently received a sizeable feature extension. There may\nstill be changes, though there should generally never be breaking ones. The\npackage also has an extensive test suite, and very good code coverage.\n\nSee the [issue tickets](https://github.com/eddelbuettel/nanotime/issues) for an up to date list of\npotentially desirable, possibly planned, or at least discussed items.\n\n### Installation\n\nThe package is on [CRAN](https://cran.r-project.org) and can be installed via a standard\n\n```r\ninstall.packages(\"nanotime\")\n```\n\nwhereas in order to install development versions a\n\n```r\nremotes::install_github(\"eddelbuettel/nanotime\") # dev version\n```\n\nshould suffice.\n\n\n### Authors\n\nDirk Eddelbuettel and Leonardo Silvestri\n\n### License\n\nGPL (>= 2)\n","has_starred","hub_user","immutable_tags_settings",{"_71":11,"_72":73},"enabled","rules",[74],".*","is_automated","permissions",{"_78":17,"_79":11,"_80":11},"read","write","admin","user","storage_size",2423895762,"orgData","recentTags",[87],{"_88":40,"_89":90,"_91":92,"_93":94,"_95":96,"_46":114,"_115":90,"_116":29,"_117":52,"_53":118,"_119":120,"_121":105,"_122":114,"_123":62,"_124":17},"content_type","creator",27850,"full_size",1510493304,"id",123043448,"images",[97],{"_98":99,"_100":101,"_102":103,"_104":105,"_106":107,"_108":109,"_110":103,"_111":-5,"_112":92,"_59":62,"_113":-5},"architecture","amd64","digest","sha256:96be42b56139aa4b010e334a88943ae1edb965e9879b758bc11c1ddfa3f22b9c","features","","last_pulled","2026-09-20T16:54:52.702302948Z","last_pushed","2020-12-09T20:05:54Z","os","linux","os_features","os_version","size","variant","2020-12-09T20:05:53.451904Z","last_updater","last_updater_username","media_type","latest","repository",10095190,"tag_last_pulled","tag_last_pushed","tag_status","v2","sbxKitMetadata","isPotentialSpam","isHubSbxKitsEnabled","showSbxLogoOverride","sbxTrademarkText","displaySecurityMetadata","tagAttestations","tagsHaveAttestations",[],"routes/_layout.r.$namespace.$reponame.tags",{"_34":136,"_143":144,"_132":153,"_154":11},{"_36":137,"_38":138,"_41":42,"_43":44,"_45":11,"_46":47,"_48":49,"_50":139,"_53":31,"_28":29,"_54":55,"_56":40,"_57":58,"_59":60,"_61":62,"_63":-5,"_64":58,"_65":66,"_67":11,"_68":29,"_69":140,"_75":11,"_76":142,"_81":29,"_82":83},[],[40],[52],{"_71":11,"_72":141},[74],{"_78":17,"_79":11,"_80":11},"tags",{"_145":60,"_146":-5,"_147":-5,"_148":149},"count","next","previous","results",[150],{"_88":40,"_89":90,"_91":92,"_93":94,"_95":151,"_46":114,"_115":90,"_116":29,"_117":52,"_53":118,"_119":120,"_121":105,"_122":114,"_123":62,"_124":17},[152],{"_98":99,"_100":101,"_102":103,"_104":105,"_106":107,"_108":109,"_110":103,"_111":-5,"_112":92,"_59":62,"_113":-5},[],"canDeleteTags","actionData","errors"]

eddelbuettel/nanotime

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